Emotion Talk in Ilokano

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to retrace the rooms opinions argon state in Ilokano. It takes into account the well-formed categories sensation roots ar derived and the graphic symbols of articles they argon incorporated into. done these methods, the author schools to separately(prenominal)ow a general description of the day-dream of sense in Ilokano. 1.0 IntroductionUnderstanding homo race chief has been composition?s top precedence crimson before the digest of psychology. In an attempt to firebrand disposition of e genuinelything inside and well-nigh him, valet utilize various tools and approaches. Langu season, macrocosm an overt and convenient part of man, was non overlooked. It became a regnant tool in man?s succeeding(a) of judgement himself and the land. nary(prenominal)m Chomsky (1968, p.84) even verbalise, ?...the homely of quarrel whitethorn very substantially? provide a remarkably favor up to(p) perspective for the study of world psychic processes.? Different smells of these rational processes had been the subject of question for a number of social scientists, from bypast to present. One of these is emotion. though a universal description of emotion is still deficient up to date, the hobby are the definitions compiled by the author. perception is??a sense of touch state involving fancys, physiological changes, and an outward-bound containion or air.?(psychological science ci: sense, 2004)?a powerful feeling; a intricate state of body and mind involving, in its bodily horizon, changes in the entrails (main internal organs) and in nervus facialis chation and posture, and in its affable aspect, heightened perception, excitement and, any(prenominal)times, disturbance of thought and judgment. The urge to activeness is snarl and impulsive behavior may result.?( emotion (psychology), 2008)From these definitions, the following generalizations ordure be made. (1)It is observable. As Heider (1991) states, ?Emotion has two a mental, or cognitive, aspect and a sensory, physiological aspect?. This is with the ardours man expresses emotions, both the linguistic and non-linguistic means. It can be a facial expression, gesture, voice put together and volume, the flow and construction of words, the lexicon chosen, the means the sentences is constructed, etc. (2)It is a social phenomenon. As Harre, R. & Parrott, W.G. (1996, p.167) state, ??the stimuli for emotional reactions come from better large number and emotion occurs in the company of others.? It unremarkably springs from an causa (e.g. an argument) in the vivification of someone. And in man?s passing(a) interactions, perceiving and appreciation these emotions correctly is a crucial and important frivolity because ?? the ability to recognize emotions in oneself and those of others leads to a greater purpose in time of imperious mental health and upbeat? (Altarriba et. al. 2003). Hence, to be able to obtain this ?degree of positive mental health and well-being?, man resorts to properly perceiving the observable aspects of emotion. Emotion blab is one. As Bamberg (unknown) asserts, ? style is a means of do sense of emotions, and as such can be utilize as a outset point to explore the world of emotions?? Many aspects of emotion burble had been ta peck into consideration by researchers and students of the social sciences. A brood of them had been concentrated on the alteration of the lexicon for emotions of each culture, with the intention of study one from the other ( the like Russell 1983, Heider, and Altarriba et. al.) Others use lexicon to test if the fantasy of a authoritative emotion is the equivalent across cultures. Others examine ?the grammar of emotions?. As Malicsi (1981, p.12) states, ?What makes grammar an important source of show for linguistic relativity conjecture and determinism is its obligatory nature ? it?s categories have to be produced, its rules followed, and the backstage is therefore automatically channeled into certain patterns of expression.? In studying this, sight are more have-to doe with on how people express their emotions in discourse. What type of constructions do they use? What conjectures can we deliver up through these constructions? These are the objectives of this study. It is bent on answer the following questions. (1)How are emotions expressed in Ilokano?(2)What type of grammatic categories are these emotions usually derived?(3)What type of construction is use (i.e. transitive, intransitive, causative, etc.) in expressing these emotions?In this fashion, the author hopes to communicate a part of the Ilokano psyche that may hope sufficienty give a better understanding of the behavior and culture of the Ilokano people. As a language, Ilokano is rather popular. be to the Cordilleran assembly of the Northern Filipino subgroup of the Philippine group of the occidental Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subfamily of the Austronesian language family, it has or so 20 million callers (including those who speak the language as a second, one-third, or foreign language in and outside the Philippines), fit in to professor Prescila Espiritu (Agcaoili, 2008). It is the lingua franca of the northwesterly part of Luzon, namely, the provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, and Abra. It is likewise mouth in some move of Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Isabella, Cagayan, and Benguet. It even has ? respectable communities? in some parts of Mindanao, Palawan, Mindoro and the United States, making it the third largest talk language in the Philippines, along with Cebuano and Tagalog (Rubino & Garry, 2001). This research, however, is partial that to the ?grammar of emotions?. It shall rule emotion on a clausal level. It does not aim to list all the emotion scathe in Ilokano and desexualize each term. It merely describes the representation of emotions in a syntactical level. In this description, Ilokano is fictitious as an ergative language, hence, the ergative-absolutive approach is followed. In this approach, the undergoer (or patient) of a transitive clause is treated in the like way as the undivided argument of an intransitive clause. The agent of a transitive clause is treated differently. It can be illustrated through the following sentences. (1)N-angted -ak iti regalo ken mike. INTR-gave -ABS OBL gift DET microphone?I gave mike a gift.?(2)Inn-ikan ?na -k iti regalo ni Mike. TR-gave -ERG ABS OBL gift DET Mike?Mike gave me gifts.?The first construction, which is intransitive, used the first person erratic absolutive pronoun ?ak as the single sum argument. The second sentence used the same pronoun as the patient. When a language treats both arguments in the same manner, it is considered ergative. Moreover, in the handling of transitive and intransitive clauses, the transitiveness parameters proposed by Nolasco (2003) shall be followed. These parameters are enumerated in the following table. noble TransitivityLow TransitivityA. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. No. of argumentsKinesisAspectPunctualityIntentionalityParticularityDirectionalityEffortAffectedness of PExclusivity of PDistinct A and P/OActionTelicPunctualDeliberateParticularExternalEffortfulP totally affectedExclusive PSStateAtelicNon-punctualVolitionalGeneralInternalEffortlessP not affectedNon-exclusive PNolasco (2003)In conducting the research, 15 Ilokano speakers, with age ranging from 19 to 24 were interviewed. Each was asked to list as umteen emotion terms as they can. Then each was asked to differentiate an instance when they matt-up one of these emotions. This way, the speakers can talk freely about their emotions.

The following part of this paper gives an overview of the concept of emotion in Ilokano. The following(a) gives the analysis of the ?grammar of emotions?. The last gives the conjectures taken from the said analysis. REFERENCESAgcaoili, A. S. (2007). Nakem Conference?and How It Came to Be. Retrieved January 25,2008 from hypertext move protocol://philippinesonline.org/nakem/Nakem2007/what_is_nakem.htm. ____________ (2008). The Search for root?or the kernel of ?Ilokano?. Retrieved January23, 2008 from http:// web.dadapilan.com/ruangan. Altarriba, J., Basnight, D.M. & Canary, T.M. (2003). Emotion representation and perceptionacross cultures. In W.J. Lonner, D.L, S.A. Hayes, & D.N. Sattler (Eds.), Online Readings in psychology and Culture (Unit 4, Chapter 5), Retrieved January 24, 2008 from http://www/wwu.edu/~culture. Bamberg, M. (unknown). The Role of Language in the Construction of Emotions. RetrievedJanuary 24, 2008 from http://www.massey.ac.nz/~alock/virtual/bamberg.htm. Cabanero, C., del Corro, A., & Ungson, M. (1972). The Larangang Leksikal of the end point?Alembong?. In Enriquez, V.G. & Antonio, C.F. (1972). Sikolohiya ng Wika: work paper in Psycholinguistics. Quezon urban center: University of the Philippines. Cayetano, J.E. (1972). Isang Pag-aaral ng Larangang Leksikal ng Salitang ?Pambobola?. InEnriquez, V.G. & Antonio, C.F. (1972). Sikolohiya ng Wika: works papers in Psycholinguistics. Quezon city: University of the Philippines. Chomsky, N. (1968). Language and Mind. in the raw York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. Constantino, E. (1971). Ilokano Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Enriquez, V.G. & Antonio, C.F. (1972). Sikolohiya ng Wika: Working papers inPsycholinguistics. Quezon city: University of the Philippines. Harre, R. & Parrott, W.G. (1996). The emotions: social, cultural and biological dimensions. capital of the United Kingdom: Sage. Heider. K.G. (1999). Landscapes of Emotion: office three cultures of emotion in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Helaas, P. (unknown). Emotion Talk across Cultures. In Lange, C.G. & James, W. (1967). TheEmotions. impertinently York : Hafner Pub. Jocano, F.L. (2001). Filipino Worldview. Diliman, Quezon urban center: Punlad Research House. Laconsay, G.C. (1969?). Diksionario Iluko-English. Compiled at the University of thePhilippines, Quezon City. Lange, C.G. & James, W. (1967). The Emotions. New York : Hafner Pub. Malicsi, J. (1981). Semantic Approaches to the Sambal Ayta Lexicon. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of the Philippines, Quezon City. Mañalac, M. & Canon, C. (uknown). Muda: Verbal ill-treat in Bikol. In Enriquez, V.G. &Antonio, C.F. (1972). Sikolohiya ng Wika: Working papers in Psycholinguistics. Quezon City: University of the Philippines. Mercado, L.N. (1994). The Filipino Mind. In Philippine Philosophical Studies II, CulturalHeritage and contemporary intensify Series III, Asia, Vol. 8. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Retrieved January 25, 2008 from http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid? paint=olbp23599. Rubino, C. & Garry, J. (2001). Facts about the World?s Languages: An encyclopaedia of theWorld?s major(ip) Languages, Past and Present. New York: H. W. Wilson. Psychology 101: Emotion. (2004). Retrieved February 20, 2008 fromhttp://allpsych.com/psychology101/emotion.htmlEmotion (Psychology). (2008). Retrieved February 20, 2008 fromhttp://encyclopedia.farlex.com/emotion+(psychology) If you motivation to get a full essay, collection it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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